Almost 150 raids were staged at business premises, private accommodation and forest management organisations, investigators said in a press release.
The raids are part of an investigation into suspected illegal logging, tax evasion, money laundering and embezzlement, the statement said.
Members of two mafia networks are suspected of having circumvented a digital timber tracking tool set up by authorities to fight illegal operations.
Environmental groups say Romania's vast woodlands, home to diverse wildlife species, suffer rampant illegal logging.
The timber industry accounts for more than three percent of GDP for the poor EU member, which boasts 6.7 million hectares of forest.
In 2019, two forestry workers were killed trying to stop alleged timber thieves.
Their deaths brought thousands of Romanians into the streets to demand more from government to protect forests and their guardians.
In 2021, an activist and two Romanian journalists said they were ambushed and beaten up in a forest in the north of the country while making a documentary on the subject.
According to the official data, 20 million cubic metres of timber are felled illegally each year, or more than for legal logging in the eastern European nation.
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